Data sheet: Pentacon 135 mm f/2.8 (auto & electric)

Pekka Buttler, 11/2022 (Updated 01/2024)

Left: Pentacon electric 135 mm f/2.8 (1st variant)
Right: Pentacon auto 135 mm f/2.8 (3rd generation)

Specifications

The table below summarises the lens’ key specifications (measurements based on above pictured sample):

Brand:PentaconLens name(auto/electric) 2.8/135 (MC)
Focal length(s)1135 mmAngle-of-view218 °
Maximum Aperturef/2.8In Production1970-1990
(all versions together)
Lens mountsm42 (auto/electric)Subfamily (if applicable)––
Length389,1 mmDiameter465,6 mm
Filter ring diameter55 mmWeight472 grams
Lens element count5Lens group count4
Aperture blades (S/R/C)56 SFocus throw330 °
Minimum focusing distance170 cmsMaximum magnification1:10.5
Has manual aperture ringYESHas Manual focus ringYES

Further notes:
• As the differences between the electric and auto variants are small (especially for purposes of adapting), the auto and electric variants will be treated together. The Pentacon Prakticar 135/2.8 is covered separately [data sheet]
• The Pentacon 135/2.8 is the successor of the Meyer-Optik Görlitz Orestor 135/2.8.
• The Pentacon 135/2.8 was a well-liked lens that (together with the 50/1.8 and the 29/2.8) made up the ‘must-have’ trio of lenses. As a result, these lenses are available in plentiful numbers.
• All versions (and there are a lot of them, see below) of the Pentacon 135/2.8 auto/electric offer a built-in, extendable hood.

History of Pentacon

There is little doubt that Germany was once world leader in the designing of cameras, lenses, and pretty much anything else photography related. Moreover, within Germany (pre-WWII Germany, to be precise), there was a region along the middle of the river Elbe and its tributary the Saale that would have earned the moniker Silica Valley. Just like the modern Silicon Valley, this area was a powerhouse of innovation within the still nascent photo-optic industry, housing both a plethora of camera makers, lens makers, and other, supporting industries. Optics was a booming industry, and even wars did little to change the industry’s growth trajectory.

But after the Second World War and the ensuing uneasy peace between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, Silica Valley – residing in the modern German states of Thuringia and Saxony – ended up in the Soviet Zone of control, that – as tensions between erstwhile allies grew – developed into the ‘German Democratic Republic’ or East Germany – a Soviet satellite state directly juxtaposed to the ‘German Federal Republic’ or West Germany.

The Soviet-inspired East German system had no love lost for private enterprise (which was seen as tantamount to a rentier-class exploiting the proletariat), nor for companies competing for customers (which was seen as a woefully inefficient method for allocating scarce resources). Hence, most enterprises were quickly nationalised, and competing companies were continuously being forcibly merged with their erstwhile competitors. One result of this policy was the 1964 founding of VEB Pentacon Dresden (VEB = Volkseigener Betrieb ≈ Peoples’ own enterprise).

VEB Pentacon was founded through the merger of
VEB Kinowerke Dresden (formerly VEB Zeiss Ikon),
VEB Kamera-Werke Niedersedlitz (previously Kamera-Werkstätten Charles A. Noble),
VEB Welta-Kamera-Werk Freital (incl. VEB Reflekta-Kamerawerk Tharandt),
VEB Altissa-Camera-Werk Dresden,
VEB Aspecta Dresden.

As a result, the central planners in East Berlin had merged the majority (Ihagee, makers of the Exakta were left alone, for now) of East German camera makers into one giant company. The resulting Pentacon (the name is a portmanteau of ‘Pentaprism’ and ‘Contax’) however focused solely on manufacturing cameras, and instead sourced their lenses from East German lens makers (mainly Carl Zeiss Jena and Meyer-Optik).

But with the success – both domestic and international – of Pentacon cameras, especially the Praktica line of SLRs, Berlin seems to have considered tighter co-ordination to have been the the next order of business. Hence, in 1968 VEB Feinoptishes Werk Görlitz (which had managed to keep branding their lenses ‘Meyer-Optik’ even though such singling out of one person (Hugo Meyer) was against the Soviet creed) and Ihagee were merged into Pentacon, making the resulting Pentacon a fully vertically integrated colossus (or, in soviet parlance, a combine.).

During the next two years, lenses previously having been branded Meyer-Optik Görlitz, started leaving their factory carrying the brand ‘Pentacon’ 6. Meyer-Optik had made some shrewd operational and design decisions, and in the post-war environment, characterised strongly by the proliferation of various SLR’s and other cameras (read: strong demand for lenses), MOG was having a field-day. Especially in the 1960s – just prior to the merger – Meyer-Optik was very prolific in coming up with new, cutting edge designs, so when Pentacon ‘took over’ Meyer’s lens catalogue, Pentacon was able to offer a broad range of cameras as well as lenses characterised by a very good bang/buck ratio.

While the merger worked wonders for Pentacon, the same can not be said for Pentacon lens designing. After having made immense progress in the 60s, Meyer/Pentacon lens design stagnated throughout the 70s and 80s. That is not to say that the lens lineup stayed unchanged, but that changes were either focused on minor recomputations of existing designs, economically driven simplification of lens mechanics, increased use of plastics, gradual adoption of better coatings and adoption of the Praktica B mount. It is sad to say that in the 20+ years after the Pentacon-Meyer merger, only one new lenses was introduced and only two lenses were given a major design tweak.

While I don’t want to give the impression that Pentacon lenses are generally sub-par (they were not, especially not when considering price), I am immensely saddened by the lost potential, especially considering the strides Japanese manufacturers were taking during that time. From Meyer having been at the forefront of innovation in the mid 1960s, Pentacon in the mid 1980s was increasingly the choice of only budget-conscious or ideologically inclined consumers.

Versions

I’ll admit this is more than a bit complicated…

Firstly, Pentacon/Praktica cameras used two variants of the m42 mount,
• one was the classic m42 auto mount (pin at the bottom of the lens for stopping down). These lenses were generally indicated by the phrase ‘auto’ on the lens’ name ring.
• the other was Pentacon’s proprietary m42 variant which used electric contacts to communicate set aperture values to the camera, but still used the same m42 auto pin for stopping down. These lenses were generally indicated by the phrase ‘electric’ on the lens’ name ring.
Furthermore, the Pentacon 135/2.8 was offered throughout its life also as a preset-version (neither auto nor electric). While it was originally kept in the Pentacon lineup as a low-cost alternative, it is today relatively sought-after due to two aspects: Firstly, being a preset aperture, it uses a 15-blade aperture. Secondly, it can utilise Meyer’s patent mount adapter, making the lens usable on a range of mounts (m42, Exakta, Altix, Praktina).

Having been manufactured for ≈20 years, there are several ergonomically and outwardly different models of the Pentacon 135/2.8. Furthermore, Pentacon (as well as MOG before them) often tended to – when possible – use up parts stocks, meaning that one can also encounter hybrids.
• Early, 1st generation models would have a focus ring of milled metal ring and distance values in feet were in red. Typically this generation would also have some zebra-like cosmetically elements, e.g. that aperture values could be in black against a metallic background, but a lot of variation exists.

1st generation, electric variant.

2nd generation models would be all-black, still have the feet indications in red, but the shape of the metal focusing ring would have changed from being lengthwise ribbed to a quadratic, checkered pattern.
3rd generation models would be very similar to 2nd generation models, but the color of the feet-indication would switch to green (See below for a 3th generation auto variant)

3rd generation, auto variant (MC). Some samples would have ‘MC’ in red (pictured), others in white.

• a 4th generation made its appearance toward the end of the production run (from mid 80s onward) where the checkered pattern would change to a lengthwise elongated shape.

Focus ring patterning on various generations of the 135/2.8

And just in case you thought this is not complicated enough, the first two generations were offered in both multicoated and non-multicoated variants (from the 3rd generation onwards, all copies seem to have been multicoated).

Adapting

This lens cannot be used natively on any current SLR or dSLRs. To use it in its native environment, you will need an m42-mount film body. Luckily there are a lot of those available and in working order.

Thanks to being a fully manual lens (manual aperture, manual focus), the lens can be adapted to all mirrorless cameras using a suitable adapter. Moreover, m42 lenses are so uncomplicated that a simple ‘dumb adapter’ will do the job perfectly. Further, due to the popularity of the m42 mount, special adapters (helicoid adapters, tilt/shift adapters) are readily available. Alternatively, one can choose to daisy-chain adapters (e.g. m42->Canon EF; Canon EF –> mirrorless) which also opens up a wide range of speed boosters .

Using m42 lenses on dSLRs can also be an easy option, depending on which dSLR.
• Canon EF has the shortest flange focal distance among full-frame dSLR’s and Canon’s wide range of dSLRs are able to mount m42 lenses perfectly, using a simple adapter ring.
• Minolta / Sony A dSLRs and Pentax dSLRs are likewise able to mount m42 lenses using a simple adapter ring.
• Nikon F dSLRs have a long flange focal distance, meaning that mounting either M42 or Exakta lenses needs an adapter that uses corrective optics to allow anything close to infinity focus.

Footnotes

1 Focal length is (unless stated otherwise) given in absolute terms, and not in Full-frame equivalent. For an understanding of whether the lens is wide/tele, see ‘Angle-of-view’.

2 Picture angle is given in degrees (based on manufacturers’ specs) and concerns the diagonal picture angle. Rule of thumb:
> 90 ° ==> Ultra-wide-angle
70–90 ° ==> Wide-angle
50–70 ° ==> Moderate wide-angle
40–50 ° ==> ‘Standard’ or ‘normal’ lens
20–40 ° ==> Short tele lens
10-20 ° ==> Tele lens
5-10 ° ==> Long tele lens
< 5 ° ==> Ultra-tele lens

3 Length is given from the mount flange to the front of lens at infinity.

4 Diameter excludes protrusions such as rabbit ears or stop-down levers.

5 S=straight; R=rounded; C=(almost)circular at all apertures.

6 Pentacon 29/2.8 = Meyer-Optik 29/2.8 Orestegon
• Pentacon 30/3.5 = Meyer-Optik 30/3.5 Lydith
• Pentacon 50/1.8 = Meyer-Optik 50/1.8 Oreston
• Pentacon 100/2.8 = Meyer-Optik 100/2.8 Orestor
• Pentacon 135/2.8 = Meyer-Optik 135/2.8 Orestor
• Pentacon 200/4 = Meyer-Optik 200/4 Orestegor
• Pentacon 300/4 = Meyer-Optik 300/4 Orestegor
• Pentacon 500/5.6 = Meyer-Optik 500/5.6 Orestegor

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