Data sheet: Meyer-Optik Görlitz Primagon (35 mm f/4.5)

Pekka Buttler, 08/2022 (Updated 02/2024)

Specifications

The table below summarizes the lens’ key specifications:

Brand:	Meyer-Optik Görlitz	Lens name	Primagon 1:4.5/35
Focal length 1	35 mm	Angle-of-view 2	63 °
Maximum Aperture	f/4.5	In Production	1956–1963
Lens mount (this lens)	Exakta	Other lens mounts	Altix, M42, Praktina
Length 3	40,0 mm	Diameter 4	59,1 mm
Filter ring diameter	49 mm	Weight	159 grams
Lens element count	4	Lens group count	4
Aperture blades (S/R/C) 5	10 S	Focus throw	315 °
Minimum focusing distance	40 cms	Maximum magnification	1:9,3
Has manual aperture ring	YES	Has Manual focus ring	YES
Aperture mechanism type	Preset	Aperture click stops	None (clickless) Range: f/4.5–f/22

Further notes:
• The name Primagon identifies the lens as one of MOG’s first postwar series (many MOG postwar lenses names started ‘Prim’; all MOG lenses post-1963 are named Orest-something) and the ‘-gon’ suffix identifies it as a wide-angle lens.
• The Primagon was introduced to replace the Helioplan (40 mm f/4.5) and was in turn replaced by the Lydith (30/3.5).
• Design-wise, the Primagon is an early retrofocus lens that combines a simple triplet with a preceding negative lens.
• For further notes on Meyer-Optik Görlitz and especially their naming logic, see the JAPB article on MOGnames.

History of Meyer-Optik Görlitz

The original Meyer-Optik Görlitz (not the modern company that has taken the classic company’s name) was founded in the town of Görlitz (modern-day Germany) by Hugo Meyer in 1896, and remained in existence until the state-directed merger into VEB Pentacon 1970. Due to its vicinity with the German camera and optics industries in Saxony (Dresden, etc.), Meyer-Optik was from an early stage heavily involved with manufacturing lenses for all kinds of cameras, but the company’s real golden age started with the advent of interchangeable lens cameras, where Meyer-Optik was uniquely placed to offer a cost-effective alternative to premium brands such as Carl Zeiss Jena.

Meyer-Optik was pronouncedly a camera lens manufacturer and never had serious ambitions for pursuing horizontal integration (diversifying into cameras and other photo gear). Instead, MOG pursued a vigorous strategy of seeking economies of scale, combined with never putting too many eggs in any basket – typically Meyer-Optik would choose which designs to put into production based on being able to cover as many platforms/mounts with one basic design. As a result, many early MOG designs were made available for a wide range of camera platforms. Later, as the number of alternative platforms diminished, that strategy had to go in favour of a strong focus on M42 and (to a somewhat lesser extent) Exakta. Even so, throughout the 60s, MOG vigorously pursued innovative designs and could by the end of the decade proudly offer a wide range of high-quality, cost effective designs.

When the lens maker Meyer-Optik was then merged with the camera maker Pentacon, it became obvious that the role the company (and its product portfolio) was intended to play was to aid Pentacon in its designs of gaining a significant global market share in the price-conscious consumer segment (and help bring hard currency to the G.D.R). Instead of focusing on continued optical innovation, the new overlords were more keen on redesigning lenses for greater economy and easier manufacture. As a result, the pace of optical innovation at MOG/Pentacon fell drastically, and very few new designs or significant redesigns were to be forthcoming in the next two decades.

Versions

The Primagon was offered on a wide range of contemporary Interchangeable lens mounts. Outwardly, only one version is known (notwithstanding mount-related differences).

Adapting

n.B! The following applies this lens in either Exakta or M42 mount.

This lens cannot be used natively on any current SLR or dSLRs. To use it in its native environment, you will need an Exakta or M42-mount film body. Luckily there are a lot of those (especially in M42 mount) available.

Thanks to being a fully manual lens (manual aperture, manual focus), the lens can be adapted to all mirrorless cameras using a suitable adapter. Moreover, both Exakta and M42 lenses are so uncomplicated that a simple ‘dumb adapter’ will do the job perfectly. Moreover, due to the popularity of both mounts, special adapters (helicoid adapters, tilt/shift adapters) are readily available. Alternatively, one can choose to daisy-chain adapters (e.g. M42->Canon EF; Canon EF –> mirrorless) which also opens up a wide range of speed boosters .

Using m42 and Exakta lenses on dSLRs can also be an easy option, depending on which dSLR.
• Canon EF has the shortest flange focal distance among full-frame dSLR’s and Canon’s wide range of dSLRs are able to mount both M42 and Exakta lenses perfectly using a simple adapter ring.
• Minolta / Sony A dSLRs are likewise able to mount M42 lenses using a simple adapter ring, but for Exakta lenses, the difference in flange focal distances is not enough to enable reaching infinity focus without an adapter that uses corrective optics.
• Pentax K dSLRs are likewise able to use M42 lenses using a simple adapter ring, but for Exakta lenses an adapter that uses corrective optics would be needed to allow infinity focus.
• Nikon F dSLRs have a long flange focal distance, meaning that mounting either M42 or Exakta lenses needs an adapter that uses corrective optics to allow anything close to infinity focus.

Footnotes

1. Focal length is (unless stated otherwise) given in absolute terms, and not in Full-frame equivalent. For an understanding of whether the lens is wide/tele, see ‘Angle-of-view’. ↩︎
2. Picture angle is given in degrees (based on manufacturers’ specs) and concerns the diagonal picture angle. Rule of thumb:
   > 90 ° ==> Ultra-wide-angle
   70–90 ° ==> Wide-angle
   50–70 ° ==> Moderate wide-angle
   40–50 ° ==> ‘Standard’ or ‘normal’ lens
   20–40 ° ==> Short tele lens
   10-20 ° ==> Tele lens
   5-10 ° ==> Long tele lens
   < 5 ° ==> Ultra-tele lens ↩︎
3. Length is given from the mount flange to the front of lens at infinity. ↩︎
4. Diameter excludes protrusions such as rabbit ears or stop-down levers. ↩︎
5. S=straight; R=rounded; C=(almost)circular at all apertures. ↩︎