Aperture priority is a type of exposure automation where the user selects the aperture size and the camera (and lens) decide on a shutter speed that will produce the best possible exposure.
On modern cameras this exposure mode is either indicated through a letter A (most manufacturers) or Av (Canon)
Other typical exposure automation approaches are shutter priority and program auto. For more details, see the JAPB article on exposure automation (part of the JAPB series on exposure)
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